Flag of Brazil

On the occasion of the declaration of independence from Portugal (on September 7, 1822), Brazil had adopted on September 18, 1822 a green flag with a yellow diamond whose corners touched the edge of the flag. The colors go directly back to Pedro I, the first Brazilian emperor, who used the color of his house (green is the color of the Braganzas), on the occasion of his marriage to a Habsburg woman (yellow represents the Habsburgs). In the center of the flag appeared a crowned green shield surrounded by green branches (coffee and tobacco), on it a white disc with the crimson cross of the Order of Christ in its center.

December 1822 the imperial coat of arms was placed in the center of the flag. It also showed the crowned green shield, but on it a golden armillary sphere with the cross of the Order of Christ surrounded by a circle of twenty white stars, on a blue ring outlined in white. On November 15, 1889, the last emperor (Pedro II) was overthrown, and the Republic was proclaimed. The imperial coat of arms on the flag was replaced by a blue celestial sphere with the stars of the southern sky, crossed by a white band bearing the inscription ORDEM E PROGRESSO (Order and Progress). The stars on the flag exactly represent the sky over Rio de Janeiro on November 15, 1889. The yellow diamond on the green area has been reduced in size. Since each star on the flag represents a state or the capital area, small changes were made on 31.05.1968 and last on 11.5.1992. Today, the color green stands for agriculture and plant wealth, yellow for mineral resources and gold prospecting. White and blue represent "pioneers and their virtues", and recall the Portuguese origin.

Today's national coat of arms was introduced in 1889, and like the flag, changed several times. A large star in the center symbolizes unity and independence. On a blue disk in the center of the star, the Southern Cross, bordered by twenty-seven stars. These represent the twenty-seven states of the country. Behind the star, a wreath of coffee and tobacco leaves. The sword below the large star represents the country's readiness to defend itself. On a blue band the name of the country and the date of the proclamation of the Republic.

Green with a large yellow diamond in the center, featuring a blue celestial globe with 27 white five-pointed stars (one for each state of Brazil).

Hymn